1. Trench excavation.

混凝土路面和瀝青路面的開挖應(yīng)使用切割機切割。

The excavation of concrete and asphalt pavement should be done using a cutting machine.

管道溝槽應(yīng)按設(shè)計規(guī)定的平面位置和標(biāo)高開挖。當(dāng)采用人工開挖且無地下水時，槽底預(yù)留值應(yīng)為0.05~0.10m;管道安裝前應(yīng)人工清底設(shè)計標(biāo)高。

The pipeline trench should be excavated according to the plane position and elevation specified in the design. When manual excavation is used and there is no groundwater, the reserved value at the bottom of the trench should be 0.05-0.10m; Before pipeline installation, the bottom should be manually cleaned to the design elevation.

管溝溝底寬度和工作尺寸，應(yīng)根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實際情況和管道敷設(shè)方法確定。

The width and working size of the trench bottom should be determined based on the actual situation on site and the pipeline laying method.

局部超挖部分應(yīng)回填夯實。當(dāng)溝底無地下水時，超挖在0.15m以內(nèi)，可采用原土回填;超挖在0.15,以上，可采用石灰土處理。當(dāng)溝底有地下水或水量較大時，應(yīng)采用級配砂石或天然砂回填標(biāo)高。超挖部分回填后壓實，其密實度應(yīng)接近原地基天然土的密實度。

Local over excavation should be backfilled and compacted. When there is no groundwater at the bottom of the ditch, if the over excavation is within 0.15m, the original soil can be used for backfilling; If the excavation exceeds 0.15, lime soil can be used for treatment. When there is groundwater or a large amount of water at the bottom of the ditch, graded sand or natural sand should be used to backfill to the elevation. The over excavated part should be compacted after backfilling, and its compactness should be close to that of the original natural soil of the foundation.

在濕陷性黃土地區(qū)，不宜在雨期施工，或在施工時切實排除溝內(nèi)積水，開挖時應(yīng)在溝底預(yù)留值0.03~0.06m厚的土層進行壓實處理。

In collapsible loess areas, it is not advisable to construct during rainy periods or effectively drain the accumulated water in the ditch. During excavation, a soil layer with a thickness of 0.03-0.06m should be reserved at the bottom of the ditch for compaction treatment.

溝底遇有廢棄構(gòu)筑物、硬石、木頭、垃圾等雜物時必須，并應(yīng)鋪一層厚度不小于0.15m砂土或素土，整平壓實及設(shè)計標(biāo)高。

When encountering abandoned structures, hard stones, wood, garbage and other debris at the bottom of the ditch, they must be removed, and a layer of sand or plain soil with a thickness of not less than 0.15m should be laid, leveled and compacted to the design elevation.

對軟土基及特殊腐蝕土壤，應(yīng)按設(shè)計要求處理。

Soft soil foundation and special corrosive soil should be treated according to design requirements.

▉2.回填土。

2. Backfilling soil.

不得采用凍土、垃圾、木材及軟性物質(zhì)回填。管道兩側(cè)及管頂以上0.5m內(nèi)的回填土，不得含有碎石、磚塊等雜物，且不得采用灰土回填。距管頂0.5m以上的回填土中的石塊不得多于10%、直徑不得大于0.1m,且均勻分布。

Frozen soil, garbage, wood, and soft materials shall not be used for backfilling. The backfill soil on both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top shall not contain debris such as crushed stones and bricks, and shall not be backfilled with lime soil. The stones in the backfill soil at a distance of more than 0.5m from the pipe top shall not exceed 10%, and the diameter shall not exceed 0.1m, and shall be evenly distributed.

溝槽的支撐應(yīng)在管道兩側(cè)及管頂以上0.5m回填完畢并壓實后，在保證的情況下進行拆除，并應(yīng)采取細砂填實縫隙。

The support of the trench should be backfilled and compacted on both sides of the pipeline and 0.5m above the pipe top, and then removed while ensuring safety. Fine sand should be used to fill the gaps.

溝槽回填時，應(yīng)先回填管底懸空部位，再回填管道兩側(cè)。

When backfilling the trench, the suspended area at the bottom of the pipe should be backfilled first, and then both sides of the pipe should be backfilled.

回填土應(yīng)分層壓實，每層虛鋪厚度宜為0.2~0.3m，管道兩側(cè)及管頂以上0.5m內(nèi)的回填土必須采用人工壓實，管頂0.5m以上的回填土可采用小型機械壓實，每層虛鋪厚度宜為0.25~0.4m。

The backfill soil should be compacted in layers, with a virtual paving thickness of 0.2-0.3m for each layer. The backfill soil on both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top must be manually compacted. The backfill soil above 0.5m above the pipe top can be compacted by small machinery, and the virtual paving thickness of each layer should be 0.25-0.4m.

回填土壓實后，應(yīng)分層檢查密實度，并做好回填記錄。

After the backfilling soil is compacted, the compactness should be checked in layers and backfilling records should be kept.